- Physics
- DIY kit
- Class 10 to 12
- Printed report included
Household Circuit Assembly Kit DIY with Board and Report for 12th Class Physics Educational Investigatory Project for School
Code B0DK22CS1Q
- Paid for and delivered by Amazon. The current price and the delivery date for your PIN code are shown there.
- Sold by Gurukul Technicals Institute, Delhi.
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In this project guide
DIY kit
About this kit
This DIY kit models household wiring, letting a student assemble the kind of circuit that brings electricity to the lights, fans and sockets of a home. The listing says it includes a board and a report for a Class 12 project. It is one of the most practical projects a student can make, because it explains the wiring they live with every day.
How it works
The science behind it
The idea the kit demonstrates, in words you can use in your report and when you explain it.
Electricity reaches Indian homes as AC at about 230 V and 50 Hz through two wires, the live (phase) wire and the neutral wire, with a third earth wire for safety. In the NCERT convention, live has red insulation, neutral black and earth green; newer wiring uses brown, blue and green-yellow. All appliances are connected in parallel, so each gets the full voltage and can be switched separately. Switches and fuses are always placed in the live wire, so that when they are off or blown the appliance is disconnected from the high voltage. A fuse or MCB breaks the circuit when the current exceeds a safe value because of overloading or a short circuit. The current drawn is I = P/V; a 1000 W room heater on 230 V draws about 4.3 A. The earth wire gives leakage current a low-resistance path to the ground, so a person touching a faulty metal body is protected from a shock.
Make it yourself
Make a model household wiring circuit yourself
Everything you need and the order to do it in. Tick off the materials as you collect them.
What you need 10
Step by step 8 steps
Draw the layout on the board: the supply, main fuse and main switch at one side, then three rooms with a light each, a fan and a socket.
Run a red 'live' wire and a black 'neutral' wire along the board from the supply as two rails, with a green 'earth' wire alongside them, joined to the negative terminal at the supply end to stand for the earth connection.
Put the main fuse and the main switch in the red live wire, just after the supply, as on a real meter board.
Connect each bulb, the fan and the socket across the live and neutral rails in parallel, each with its own switch on the live side.
Connect the green earth wire to the metal body of the tin-box appliance, to show how earthing gives a fault current a safe path.
With everything switched on, measure the total current with the multimeter, and choose a fuse rated a little above that figure.
Check that each switch controls only its own appliance, then remove one bulb and show that the others stay lit, because each branch gets the full supply.
With an adult, touch a wire across the socket terminals for a moment to make a model short circuit, show that the fuse blows and the whole house goes dark, then fit the spare.
Read this first
Safety first
Go through these points before you build or switch anything on. Younger students should do this with an adult.
- Real house wiring carries about 230 V AC, which can kill; this model uses only 6 V cells, and students must never open or touch real switchboards, sockets or wiring.
- Never connect the model to a mains socket or an adapter, even to test it.
- Do the short-circuit test only with an adult, for a moment, and let the fuse and wires cool before touching them.
- Use the screwdriver carefully and keep small screws and fuses away from young children.
Troubleshooting
If something does not work
The usual problems with this kit and how to fix them. Open a problem to see the fix.
One switch turns off everything
That switch is in the main live line instead of its own branch. Move it so it sits only in the live wire to its own appliance.
Bulbs get dimmer as more appliances are switched on
Small cells cannot supply much current, so their voltage drops. Use fresh cells and thicker wire; a house supply is far stronger, which is also why overloading it is dangerous.
The fuse blows as soon as the fan is switched on
A motor takes a large current for a moment as it starts. Use a fuse rated slightly higher, chosen from the current you measured with everything on.
A bulb does not light though its switch is on
Check that the bulb is screwed in fully and that its holder goes to live through the switch and to neutral on the other side.
Exhibition day
How to present it
A running order for the exhibition table or the practical, step by step.
Show that each bulb or socket can be switched independently, which proves the parallel connection.
Point out where the fuse or MCB and the switches are placed, and explain why they are in the live wire.
Use colour-coded wires and a clear chart of the wiring diagram.
Demonstrate only with a safe low-voltage supply, and explain why real house wiring must be done by a qualified electrician.
Practice
Viva questions
Practice questions on this kit, with short answers. Try each one aloud before you open the answer.
Why are household appliances connected in parallel?
So that each gets the same full voltage, can be switched on or off independently, and keeps working if another fails.
Why is the fuse placed in the live wire?
So that when it blows, the appliance is cut off from the high-voltage live wire and is safe to touch.
What is the function of the earth wire?
It provides a low-resistance path for leakage current to flow to the ground, protecting users from electric shock.
What is a short circuit?
When the live and neutral wires touch directly, the resistance becomes very low and a very large current flows, which can cause a fire unless a fuse or MCB cuts it off.
Project file
Project file outline
The headings of the project file, in order. Give each heading its own section and write it in your own words.
The listing includes a printed project report: use this outline to check that your own file covers every part.
Free ebook: Writing a Science Project FileContents
- Aim: to model the wiring of a house with parallel circuits, switches, a fuse and an earth wire
- How electricity reaches our homes: the live, neutral and earth wires
- Colour codes for wires, old and new
- Why household appliances are connected in parallel
- Fuses and MCBs, and why they go in the live wire
- Earthing and how it protects us from electric shock
- Circuit diagram of the model and how it was assembled
- Observations: switches, removing a bulb and the short-circuit test
- Electrical safety at home, and conclusion
Buying checklist
Before you buy
What to check before you order the kit.
1Check these first
- Check that the kit suits your chapter on domestic electric circuits and your school's project format.
- The listing says it includes a board and a report; read it carefully for anything else, and do not assume cells, bulbs or tools are supplied.
- Make sure the kit is meant to run on cells or a low-voltage supply; a school model must never be wired to the mains.
- Finish assembling at least a week early so you can test every switch and tighten loose screws.
- Keep the box, and have a spare fuse and bulb ready for the exhibition day.
- Check the delivery date for your PIN code on the marketplace, and order well before the exhibition or practical.
- The project report is a learning aid. Read it, understand how the model works, and write your own observations; schools expect your own work.
- Building it yourself: younger students should build with an adult, especially with motors, batteries and small parts.
Next steps
Take it further
Ways to turn this kit into a bigger investigation or a stronger exhibition entry.
Add a staircase circuit with two two-way switches that control one bulb from either end, and explain how it works.
Work out the power of each appliance from your measured voltage and current, and estimate how long the cells would last.
Make a panel comparing a fuse, an MCB and an RCCB, using your textbook or a reliable source.
Audience
Who it suits
Class 10 and Class 12 physics projects on domestic electric circuits and electrical safety.
- ClassClass 10 to 12
- SubjectPhysics
- TypeDIY kit
- Project reportPrinted report included
Free to read
Free ebooks for this topic
Free PDF ebooks from Gurukul Technicals Institute on the science, the making and the presenting of projects like this one.
- Free PDF ebook
Electricity and Magnetism Experiments
Hands-on experiments with cells, wires, bulbs and magnets
- Free PDF ebook
Physics Working Models Explained
Twenty classic models, how each works and how to make it
- Free PDF ebook
Investigatory Projects for Class 11 and 12
Topics, method and report structure for physics, chemistry and biology
- Free PDF ebook
Your Science Exhibition Guide
Choose a project, build it, present it and answer the judges with confidence
