Science projects
Your Science Exhibition Guide
Choose a project, build it, present it and answer the judges with confidence
Science project idea finder
1029 science project ideas, from class 1 to college.
Find a project by class, subject and type. Every idea explains the science it shows, what you need, how long it takes and how to stay safe, with free ebooks and ready-made kits if you need them. 930 ideas have numbered steps and viva questions on their own page.
Want a complete build with diagrams? 16 free detailed project guides
- Class 1 to 5Simple, safe models made with help at home.224 ideas
- Class 6 to 8Working models of the science you learn in class.485 ideas
- Class 9 and 10Energy, electricity, light and first robots.467 ideas
- Class 11 and 12Investigatory projects for the practical exam.332 ideas
- College and diplomaArduino, IoT and sensor projects.119 ideas
Idea finder
Find your project
Choose your class and what interests you, or search for a word such as magnet, solar, heart or robot. Open any card for a summary, or its title for the full page with the science, the steps and the viva questions.
Electronics and roboticsEasy
PIR corridor light that stays on for a set time after movement
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A passive infrared (PIR) sensor detects the heat of a moving person. An Arduino switches a 12 V LED strip on through a relay and keeps it on for a timer period that restarts with every new movement, so the light never cuts out while someone is still walking.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno or Nano clone and USB cable
- An HC-SR501 PIR sensor module
- A 5 V relay module
- A 12 V LED strip, 20 to 30 cm, with a 12 V adapter or battery pack
- A 10 kΩ potentiometer for setting the hold time
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
Safety: Low voltage only: the relay switches the 12 V strip, never a mains lamp. An adult must check the adapter connections.
Take it further: Add an LDR so the light only works after dark, and log each trigger time to the serial monitor.
Electronics and roboticsEasy
Room comfort meter with DHT11 and an OLED display
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A DHT11 measures temperature and relative humidity, an Arduino calculates a heat index, and a small OLED screen shows the readings with a comfort message. The project shows how a digital sensor sends numbers over one wire.
You will need
- An Arduino Nano or Uno clone and USB cable
- A DHT11 temperature and humidity module
- A 0.96 inch I2C OLED display (SSD1306)
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
- A 9 V battery and clip or a power bank for the stand
Safety: USB or battery power only. Keep the OLED glass away from bending.
Take it further: Swap the DHT11 for a DHT22 and compare readings, or log readings to the serial plotter over a whole day.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Kitchen gas alarm that starts a 12 V exhaust fan through a relay
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An MQ-2 gas sensor changes resistance when LPG, butane or smoke touches its heated element. The Arduino compares the reading to a threshold, sounds a buzzer, flashes a red LED and switches a 12 V DC fan through a relay to clear the air.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An MQ-2 gas sensor module
- A 5 V relay module
- A 12 V DC computer case fan with a 12 V adapter
- A 5 V buzzer, a red LED and a 220 Ω resistor
- A 16x2 I2C LCD (optional)
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
Safety: Test with a gas lighter held unlit near the sensor for a moment, never with a cylinder valve open. The relay switches only the 12 V fan. An adult must be present for the gas test. The sensor heater gets warm; do not touch it.
Take it further: Replace the Uno with an ESP8266 and send a phone notification through a free IoT app when the alarm triggers.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Flame sensor store room alarm with a small sprinkler pump
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An infrared flame sensor module detects the flicker and wavelength of a flame from a metre away. The Arduino sounds an alarm and runs a 5 V submersible pump through a relay so a tiny sprinkler sprays water on the model store room.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An IR flame sensor module (single or 5-way)
- A 5 V submersible mini pump with plastic tube
- A 5 V relay module
- A buzzer and a red LED with a 220 Ω resistor
- A plastic tray, a small water tub and a cardboard model room
- Jumper wires
Safety: Test the sensor with a candle held by an adult, at arm's length, over a metal tray, and keep water away from the Arduino. Never leave the candle unattended. The pump runs on 5 V only.
Take it further: Use a 5-way flame sensor array and turn a servo so the sprinkler points towards the strongest reading.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
RFID door latch that pulls a 12 V solenoid for tagged cards only
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An RC522 reader reads the unique ID of a 13.56 MHz card or key fob. If the ID is in a list stored in the sketch, the Arduino fires a relay for three seconds that pulls a 12 V solenoid bolt open, and an LCD greets the user by name.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An RC522 RFID reader with two cards or fobs
- A 12 V solenoid lock or a 12 V mini solenoid
- A 5 V relay module and a 1N4007 diode
- A 12 V adapter
- A 16x2 I2C LCD, a green and a red LED
- A cardboard door with a frame
Safety: The solenoid takes 12 V DC only; the diode across its coil protects the relay. An adult must check the adapter wiring. The RC522 runs on 3.3 V; connecting it to 5 V damages it.
Take it further: Store the allowed UIDs in EEPROM and add a master card that teaches new cards without reprogramming.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Voice commands from a phone app switch two 12 V lights over Bluetooth
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A free Android voice app converts speech to text and sends it over Bluetooth to an HC-05 module. The Arduino matches words such as "light on" or "fan off" and drives relays that switch 12 V LED lamps and a 12 V fan.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An HC-05 Bluetooth module
- A 2-channel 5 V relay module
- Two 12 V LED bulbs or strips, or one strip and a 12 V fan
- A 12 V adapter
- A 1 kΩ and a 2 kΩ resistor for the voltage divider
- An Android phone with a free Bluetooth voice control app
Safety: Relays switch 12 V DC loads only, never mains lamps. The HC-05 RX pin needs the 3.3 V divider or it may be damaged over time.
Take it further: Add a dimming command for the LED strip using a MOSFET and PWM instead of a relay.
Electronics and roboticsChallenging
ESP32 energy logger measuring a 12 V load with an ACS712 current sensor
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An ACS712 Hall-effect sensor measures the current through a 12 V DC load while a resistor divider measures its voltage. The ESP32 multiplies them for power, adds up watt-hours over time and shows the live figures on a phone over Wi-Fi.
You will need
- An ESP32 dev board and micro USB cable
- An ACS712 5 A current sensor module
- A 12 V adapter and a 12 V load such as a fan or LED strip
- A 10 kΩ and a 2.2 kΩ resistor for the voltage divider
- A 0.96 inch I2C OLED
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
Safety: Low-voltage DC only; never put the ACS712 in a mains circuit. Double-check the divider before connecting A pins, because the ESP32 inputs take 3.3 V maximum.
Take it further: Push the readings to a free cloud dashboard every minute and plot a daily energy graph.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Overhead tank level on your phone with automatic pump control (ESP8266)
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An ultrasonic sensor on the tank lid measures the distance to the water surface. The ESP8266 converts that to a percentage, shows it on a phone page, and switches a 5 V pump through a relay to refill when the level is low and stop when full.
You will need
- A NodeMCU ESP8266 and USB cable
- An HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
- A 5 V relay module
- A 5 V submersible mini pump with tube
- Two plastic containers for the sump and the tank
- A 1k and 2k resistor divider for the echo pin
- Jumper wires
Safety: Water and electronics stay in separate containers. Only the 5 V pump goes through the relay. An adult must check wiring before the pump supply is connected.
Take it further: Add a float switch in the sump so the pump never runs dry, and log daily water use.
Electronics and roboticsChallenging
ESP32-CAM doorbell that sends a visitor snapshot to your phone
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An ESP32-CAM board with its small camera takes a photo when the doorbell button is pressed or a PIR sees movement, and sends the picture to a free messaging bot on the owner's phone over Wi-Fi. It shows how a microcontroller can handle images and internet messages.
You will need
- An ESP32-CAM board with its OV2640 camera
- A USB to serial adapter (FTDI or CH340) for programming
- A push button and an HC-SR501 PIR
- A 5 V, 2 A power supply or power bank
- Jumper wires and a cardboard door frame
- A phone with a free messaging app that supports bots
Safety: Power the ESP32-CAM from a steady 5 V supply only; weak USB ports cause brown-outs. Do not photograph people without telling them; the snapshot is for the demonstration.
Take it further: Add a small speaker and play a chime, and record the time of each visitor to an SD card.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
PIR intruder alarm that sends a phone message through an ESP8266
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A PIR sensor watches a room; when it triggers while the system is armed, a NodeMCU sends a message to the owner through a free bot on a messaging app and sounds a local buzzer. The system is armed and disarmed by a message from the phone.
You will need
- A NodeMCU ESP8266 and USB cable
- An HC-SR501 PIR sensor
- A 3.3 V or 5 V buzzer
- An LED and a 220 Ω resistor
- A 5 V power bank
- A phone with a free messaging app that supports bots
Safety: USB power only. Tell people in the house that the sensor is running during the test.
Take it further: Add a magnetic reed switch on the door and report which sensor triggered.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Earthquake alarm with an MPU6050 that cuts a 12 V supply through a relay
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An MPU6050 accelerometer measures shaking on three axes. When the vibration stays above a level for a short time, the Arduino sounds a siren, flashes a light and opens a relay that cuts a 12 V model lighting circuit, as a real system might cut gas or power during a quake.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An MPU6050 accelerometer and gyro module
- A 5 V relay module
- A 12 V LED strip with its adapter
- A buzzer and a red LED with a 220 Ω resistor
- A 16x2 I2C LCD
- A wooden base and jumper wires
Safety: The relay interrupts only the 12 V strip; this is not a replacement for any real safety cut-off. An adult must check the adapter wiring.
Take it further: Record the peak g of each event to EEPROM and display the last five events.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Two-zone drip irrigation with soil probes and a phone dashboard (ESP8266)
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Two soil moisture probes in two pots each control their own 5 V pump through a relay, and a NodeMCU shows both moisture levels and pump states on a phone page. It demonstrates zone-wise watering, the way a farm drip system treats each bed separately.
You will need
- A NodeMCU ESP8266 and USB cable
- Two capacitive soil moisture sensors (v1.2)
- A 2-channel 5 V relay module
- Two 5 V submersible mini pumps with tube
- A CD4051 or a second analog trick: one 10 kΩ resistor per probe (see steps)
- Two small pots with soil and a water tub
- A 5 V 2 A supply or power bank
Safety: Pumps and water stay in a tray away from the board. Only 5 V pumps are switched. An adult must check the supply wiring.
Take it further: Log readings every ten minutes to a free cloud sheet and plot how fast each soil dries.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Model greenhouse that runs a fan and a mist pump from DHT11 readings
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A DHT11 inside a clear box greenhouse reads temperature and humidity. The Arduino switches a 12 V fan when it gets too hot and a 5 V mist pump when it gets too dry, keeping the plants in a chosen band and showing the state on an LCD.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- A DHT11 module
- A 2-channel 5 V relay module
- A 12 V computer fan with adapter and a 5 V mini pump with a fine mist nozzle or pinholed tube
- A 16x2 I2C LCD
- A clear plastic storage box with a plant or two
- Jumper wires
Safety: The fan is 12 V and the pump 5 V; nothing from the mains passes through the relays. Keep the water tub outside the electronics area.
Take it further: Add an LDR and a 12 V LED grow strip that fills in light on cloudy days.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Polyhouse logger that records light, temperature and humidity to an SD card
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An Arduino with a DS3231 clock writes a time-stamped line of light, temperature and humidity readings to a micro SD card every ten minutes. Opened in a spreadsheet, the file shows how conditions inside a covered bed differ from outside over several days.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- A micro SD card module and a card of 2 to 32 GB
- A DS3231 real-time clock module
- A DHT11 module and an LDR with a 10 kΩ resistor
- A 9 V battery or a 5 V power bank
- A plastic box to keep the electronics dry
- A sheet of clear plastic and sticks for a mini polyhouse
Safety: Battery or power bank only. Keep the box sealed with the sensors outside through small holes.
Take it further: Add a soil probe and show the link between day heat and soil drying.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Water turbidity meter using a laser pointer and an LDR
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A laser beam passes through a sample bottle to an LDR; cloudy water scatters light and the LDR reading falls. The Arduino converts the reading to a clarity scale calibrated with known mixtures and shows it on an LCD, a low-cost version of a turbidity meter.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno or Nano clone and USB cable
- A 5 mW laser diode module (3 to 5 V)
- An LDR and a 10 kΩ resistor
- A 16x2 I2C LCD
- Identical clear plastic bottles or test tubes
- A cardboard tube to keep room light out
- Muddy water, milk and clean water for calibration
Safety: Never look into the laser or point it at anyone; mount it so the beam is enclosed in the tube. An adult must set up the laser. Keep water off the circuit.
Take it further: Add a second LDR at 90 degrees to the beam and compare the two methods.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Tipping bucket rain gauge with a reed switch counted by Arduino
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Rain collected by a funnel fills one side of a tiny see-saw bucket; when it tips, a magnet passes a reed switch and the Arduino counts one tip. Knowing the volume per tip and the funnel area gives rainfall in millimetres on an LCD.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno or Nano clone and USB cable
- A reed switch and a small neodymium magnet
- A plastic funnel, a plastic bottle and a strip of plastic for the twin bucket
- A thin nail or wire for the pivot
- A 16x2 I2C LCD
- A 9 V battery and jumper wires
- A measuring syringe or cup for calibration
Safety: Keep the electronics in a sealed box under the funnel. Small magnets must be kept away from young children.
Take it further: Add an ESP8266 and post the daily total to a free weather sharing site.
Electronics and roboticsEasy
Grain store humidity alarm with an ESP8266 that warns the phone
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A DHT11 inside a model grain bin watches humidity; stored grain spoils and grows mould when air humidity stays high. The NodeMCU shows the reading on a phone page, sounds a buzzer and sends an alert when humidity stays above a limit for a set time.
You will need
- A NodeMCU ESP8266 and USB cable
- A DHT11 module
- A buzzer and a red LED with a 220 Ω resistor
- A plastic container with some rice or wheat
- A 5 V power bank
- A phone on the same Wi-Fi
Safety: USB power only. Do not eat grain used in the demonstration after it has been dampened.
Take it further: Add a second sensor outside and show the inside and outside readings side by side.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Indoor air quality logger with MQ-135, an OLED and a phone graph (ESP32)
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An MQ-135 sensor responds to carbon dioxide, ammonia, smoke and other indoor pollutants. An ESP32 shows a rolling value on an OLED, keeps the last hour of readings in memory and draws them as a graph on a phone page, so the effect of cooking, incense or a closed room is visible.
You will need
- An ESP32 dev board and USB cable
- An MQ-135 air quality sensor module
- A 0.96 inch I2C OLED
- A 1 kΩ and 2 kΩ resistor divider
- A 5 V 1 A supply or power bank
- Jumper wires and a vented box
Safety: The sensor heater runs warm; keep it off plastic. Test with an incense stick held by an adult, not with any fuel.
Take it further: Add a DHT22 and show that the MQ-135 reading also drifts with humidity, which is why real monitors compensate for it.
Electronics and roboticsChallenging
Dust particle logger with a GP2Y1010 sensor that triggers a 12 V filter fan
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A Sharp GP2Y1010 optical dust sensor measures airborne particles by scattered infrared light. An Arduino logs the density, shows it on an LCD and switches a 12 V fan with a cloth filter through a relay when dust rises, a model of an air purifier.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- A Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor with its 150 Ω resistor and 220 µF capacitor
- A 5 V relay module and a 12 V fan with adapter
- A 16x2 I2C LCD
- A piece of cloth or a car cabin filter scrap
- A clear box for the test chamber
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
Safety: Make dust with a pinch of flour puffed by an adult, not with smoke or chemicals. The fan is 12 V DC only.
Take it further: Replace the sensor with a PMS5003 laser sensor and compare the two readings side by side.
Electronics and roboticsEasy
Classroom noise meter with a sound sensor, LED bar and OLED readout
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A microphone sound sensor module gives a voltage that swings with sound pressure. The Arduino measures the swing over short windows, shows it on an LED bar and an OLED, and flashes a warning when the class is too loud for too long.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno or Nano clone and USB cable
- A sound sensor module with analog output (MAX4466 or KY-038 type)
- Ten LEDs or a 10-segment LED bar with 220 Ω resistors
- A 0.96 inch I2C OLED
- A buzzer
- Jumper wires and a breadboard
Safety: USB or battery power only.
Take it further: Calibrate against a phone sound meter app and display an estimated dB value.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Cup anemometer with a Hall sensor and wind vane on an OLED
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Three plastic cups on a spindle spin in the wind and a magnet on the spindle passes a Hall sensor once a turn. The Arduino times the pulses to compute wind speed, reads a potentiometer on a wind vane for direction, and shows both on an OLED.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno or Nano clone and USB cable
- An A3144 Hall sensor module and a small magnet
- Three paper or plastic cups, a bottle, a bearing or an old pen body for the spindle
- A 10 kΩ potentiometer and a cardboard vane
- A 0.96 inch I2C OLED
- A 9 V battery and jumper wires
- A bicycle or a car window for calibration with an adult
Safety: Calibrate by holding the anemometer out of a car window only with an adult driving slowly on an empty road, or walk at a steady pace instead. Small magnets away from children.
Take it further: Add a BMP180 pressure sensor and an ESP8266 to upload a full weather record online.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Flood early warning post with an ultrasonic level sensor and a three-stage siren
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An ultrasonic sensor on a model bridge watches the water level in a model river. As the level rises past three marks the NodeMCU lights green, yellow and red LEDs, sounds a siren at the red mark and shows the level on a phone page so a village downstream could see it.
You will need
- A NodeMCU ESP8266 and USB cable
- An HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a 1k:2k divider for the echo
- Green, yellow and red LEDs with 220 Ω resistors
- A buzzer
- A long plastic tray as the river and a cardboard bridge
- A jug of water
- A 5 V power bank
Safety: Keep the board on the bridge well above the water and the water tray on a table that can get wet. USB power only.
Take it further: Compute the rate of rise in cm per minute and warn earlier when the water is rising fast.
Electronics and roboticsMedium
Solar panel performance logger recording volts, amps and light to an SD card
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An Arduino measures a small panel's voltage through a divider and its current through an INA219 sensor while a load resistor draws power, and logs both with light level and time to an SD card. The data shows how output changes with sun angle, cloud and panel temperature.
You will need
- An Arduino Uno clone and USB cable
- An INA219 current and voltage sensor module
- A 6 V, 1 to 2 W solar panel
- A 10 Ω, 5 W resistor as the load
- A micro SD module and card, and a DS3231 clock
- An LDR with a 10 kΩ resistor and a DHT11 for air temperature
- A 5 V power bank
Safety: Low voltage only. The load resistor gets warm in full sun; mount it on a metal clip away from plastic.
Take it further: Sweep the load with several resistor values to plot the panel's I-V curve and find its maximum power point.
PhysicsChallenging
Slide-wire potentiometer to compare the emf of two cells
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
On a uniform wire carrying a steady current, the voltage falls evenly along its length. The balance lengths for two cells are in the same ratio as their emfs, and no current is drawn from the cells at balance.
You will need
- About 1 m of constantan or nichrome wire stretched on a wooden board with a metre scale
- A driver supply of two or three D cells and a rheostat or fixed resistor
- Two test cells (for example a 1.5 V AA and a used cell of a different make)
- A multimeter on its lowest mA or microamp range as a null detector
- A jockey made from a nail or a paper clip tip
- A two-way key from clips and a pin
- Screws or drawing pins to hold the wire ends
Safety: An adult must check the wiring; keep the key open between readings to save the driver cells, and use only low voltage cells.
Take it further: Find the internal resistance of a cell by balancing it with and without a known resistor across it.
Before you start
How to choose a good project
Six things to think about before you decide. A project you understand and finish well beats a big one you rush.
Start with a question
Good projects answer a question you are curious about: why does iron rust, which fabric keeps tea hottest, how does a robot follow a line? A question gives your project a purpose.
Check what is asked
Find out whether your teacher wants a working model, a still model or an investigatory project, the size limits, the topic or theme, the date, and whether ready-made models are allowed.
Match your time and class
Each idea here shows a class band, a difficulty and a rough time. Choose something you can finish properly with time to test it, rather than something huge you have to rush.
Pick science you can explain
Judges and examiners ask how it works. Choose an idea whose science you understand, or can learn from your textbook and the free ebooks, and practise explaining it.
List materials and costs
Write down everything you need before you start. Many models use things from home; motors, LEDs, sensors and boards are easy to buy as spare parts or in a kit.
Make it your own
Change one thing and measure what happens, add a chart of your readings, or show a real-life use. Even a well-known model becomes yours when you add your own observations.
Plan your time
A four-week project timeline
Work backwards from the date of your exhibition or submission. Short of time? Do the same steps faster, but never skip testing.
- 4 weeks before
Choose and get it approved
- Shortlist two or three ideas
- Write your aim or question in one sentence
- Show your teacher and agree the idea
- 3 weeks before
Read and collect materials
- Read the science in your textbook and a free ebook
- Sketch the design with measurements
- Collect or buy the materials and spare parts
- 2 weeks before
Build and test
- Build one part at a time and test each part
- For an investigation, repeat each reading at least three times
- Write every observation in a notebook with the date
- 1 week before
Write the report and chart
- Aim, materials, method, observations, result and conclusion
- A neat table or graph of your readings
- A chart or poster with a labelled diagram
- Last 2 days
Rehearse
- Practise a one-minute explanation out loud
- Prepare answers to the questions below
- Pack spares: cells, wires, tape and glue
On the day
Present it with confidence
You will usually have a minute or two to explain your project, then questions. Practise both out loud at home.
A one-minute explanation
- 1Name and question“My project is a … It answers the question …”
- 2What it showsOne sentence of science, in your own words.
- 3How it worksPoint to each part as you explain it.
- 4What you foundYour readings or result, and what they mean.
- 5Real lifeWhere the same science is used every day.
Questions judges often ask
- What does your project show, in one sentence?
- How does it work? Which law or idea of science is behind it?
- What did you change, and what did you measure?
- What went wrong while you were making it, and how did you fix it?
- Where is this idea used in real life?
- What would you improve if you made it again?
What your project file needs
- Title page with your name, class and school
- Aim or question
- Introduction: the science behind it
- Materials list
- Method, step by step, with a diagram
- Observations in a table
- Result and conclusion
- Precautions and safety
- Sources: books and websites you used
Projects and kits
Ready-made projects, kits and spare parts
Need a working model, a kit to build yourself, or a motor, LED, battery or sensor to finish your own? Every idea card links to the matching section of the store.
School Projects, Class 1 to 9
Ready-made working models for class 1 to 9: science, maths, physics, chemistry and biology.Browse
School Projects, Class 10 to 12
Working models and investigatory projects for class 10, 11 and 12.Browse
Best Out of Waste
Models made from bottles, cardboard and old parts, for waste-management themes.Browse
Robotics and Coding
Robot kits, Arduino projects, line followers, obstacle avoiders and smart projects.Browse
DIY Kits
Kits with every part and step-by-step instructions, to build the model yourself.Browse
Components and Spares
Motors, LEDs, batteries, switches, wires, sensors and breadboards to build or repair.Browse
Engineering Projects
Minor and major projects for diploma and BTech students.Browse
Cannot find what you need? Ask the head office on WhatsApp.
Free ebooks
Free books for making projects
Step-by-step project books for every class, plus guides to exhibitions, project files and viva questions. Free to download, read and print.
Science projects
Writing a Science Project File
How to write the report, from the cover page to the bibliography
Science projects
Viva Questions for Science Projects
How to answer examiner questions, with sample questions for popular projects
Science projects
Easy Science Projects for Class 1 to 5
Simple, safe projects young children can make with a little help
Science projects
Science Projects for Class 6 to 8
Working models matched to middle-school science topics
Science projects
Investigatory Projects for Class 11 and 12
Topics, method and report structure for physics, chemistry and biology
Stay safe
Safety rules for every project
Read these with a parent before you start. Ideas that need extra care carry their own safety note on the card.
Never use mains electricity
Power your models with cells, batteries or a low-voltage adapter. Never connect anything home-made to a wall socket.
Adult help for sharp and hot tools
Cutters, blades, glue guns, soldering irons and drills need an adult beside you. Cut away from your body on a board.
Chemicals with care
Use only safe household materials at home. Acids, stains and other lab chemicals are for the school lab with your teacher. Wear goggles and never taste anything.
Flames only with an adult
Candles and burners only with an adult present and water nearby. Tie back long hair and keep paper away.
Look after batteries
Do not short-circuit a battery, mix old and new cells, or puncture or heat a lithium battery. Remove batteries when the model is stored.
Small parts away from little ones
Magnets, button cells and small parts can be swallowed. Keep them away from younger brothers and sisters, and wash your hands after making.
Questions about science projects
Still have a question?
Chat on WhatsAppWhat is the difference between a working model, a still model and an investigatory project?
A working model moves or works to show a principle, such as a windmill that lights an LED. A still model shows how something is built or arranged, such as the layers of the Earth. An investigatory project asks a question and answers it by experiment: you change one thing, measure the result and draw a conclusion from your readings.
Can I buy a ready-made project?
Check your school’s rules first: some competitions want models made by the student, and some allow ready-made ones. Either way, you must understand how it works and be able to explain it. A good approach is to build from a kit, or to add your own measurements and chart to a ready-made model.
How long does a school project take?
Each idea here shows a rough time for the making. Leave extra time for reading, testing, the report and practice: three to four weeks from choosing to presenting is comfortable for most school projects.
What should go in my project report or file?
A title page, your aim, the science behind it, the materials, the method with a diagram, your observations in a table, the result and conclusion, precautions, and the books and websites you used. The free ebook “Writing a Science Project File” explains each part.
What if my model stops working on the day?
Carry spare cells, wires and tape, and test everything when you arrive. Take a short video or photos of it working at home. If something still fails, explain calmly what should happen and what you would check: judges value understanding as much as a perfect model.
More help
Stuck on a project?
Read the student help pages, try the free calculators for circuits and units, or ask the head office on WhatsApp.