Science projects
Your Science Exhibition Guide
Choose a project, build it, present it and answer the judges with confidence
Science project idea finder
1029 science project ideas, from class 1 to college.
Find a project by class, subject and type. Every idea explains the science it shows, what you need, how long it takes and how to stay safe, with free ebooks and ready-made kits if you need them. 930 ideas have numbered steps and viva questions on their own page.
Want a complete build with diagrams? 16 free detailed project guides
- Class 1 to 5Simple, safe models made with help at home.224 ideas
- Class 6 to 8Working models of the science you learn in class.485 ideas
- Class 9 and 10Energy, electricity, light and first robots.467 ideas
- Class 11 and 12Investigatory projects for the practical exam.332 ideas
- College and diplomaArduino, IoT and sensor projects.119 ideas
Idea finder
Find your project
Choose your class and what interests you, or search for a word such as magnet, solar, heart or robot. Open any card for a summary, or its title for the full page with the science, the steps and the viva questions.
PhysicsChallenging
Induced emf against magnet speed: dropping a magnet through a coil
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Faraday’s law says the emf in a coil equals the rate of change of magnetic flux. A magnet falling faster through the same coil gives a larger voltage pulse.
You will need
- A coil of about 500 turns of enamelled copper wire on a plastic pipe or a thick pencil tube
- A small strong magnet that slides freely in the tube
- A multimeter with a MAX or peak-hold function on its mV range, or a phone to film the display
- A tall plastic pipe or rolled card tube to guide the fall
- A ruler and a soft cushion
- Tape, a marker and a notebook
Safety: Neodymium magnets are brittle and can pinch; an adult must handle them. Catch the magnet on a cushion so it does not chip.
Take it further: Time the fall with a phone video and compare the measured speed with √(2gh) to estimate the drag.
PhysicsMedium
Convex lens focal length from a u-v graph on a metre rule bench
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A convex lens forms a real, inverted image on a screen at a distance that depends on where the object is. The lens formula links the two distances to the focal length, and a graph of 1/v against 1/u gives f accurately.
You will need
- A magnifying glass or a reading lens of about 10 to 20 cm focal length
- A metre rule or a long wooden strip as the optical bench
- A torch or a bright LED lamp with a cross cut in black paper as the object
- A white card or cardboard as the screen
- Clay or clothes pegs to hold the lens, object and screen upright
- A pencil, a notebook and graph paper
Safety: Never point the lens at the Sun; an adult must make the cross cut in the paper.
Take it further: Measure the magnification v / u for each position and plot it against v to find a second value of f.
PhysicsMedium
Bessel’s displacement method: focal length without finding the lens centre
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
If an object and a screen are further apart than four focal lengths, there are two lens positions that give a sharp image. The distance between them gives f from f = (D² − d²) / 4D.
You will need
- A convex lens of 10 to 15 cm focal length (reading glass)
- A metre scale or a taped tape measure on a table
- A bright torch with a cross-wire in card as the object
- A white card screen
- Clay holders for the lens, object and screen
- A calculator
Safety: Do not look at the torch beam directly and never aim the lens at the Sun.
Take it further: Measure the sizes of both images, h1 and h2, and show that the object size is √(h1 × h2).
PhysicsMedium
Concave mirror: where the image forms and how big it is
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
The size, position and nature of the image in a concave mirror change as the object moves from far away to inside the focal length. The mirror formula and magnification can be checked with real readings.
You will need
- A concave shaving or make-up mirror (about 20 to 30 cm focal length)
- A torch or a candle-substitute LED lamp with a cross-wire stencil
- A white card screen
- A metre rule or tape on a table
- Clay or clothes pegs for holders
- Graph paper
Safety: Do not let the mirror focus the Sun on skin, paper or cloth; an adult must supervise outdoor tests of the focal length.
Take it further: Use a spoon-sized convex mirror and show that it always gives a small, upright, virtual image.
PhysicsMedium
Critical angle of water: the vanishing pin under a floating disc
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Rays from an object under water that meet the surface at more than the critical angle are totally reflected and cannot leave. A disc on the surface can hide a pin completely when its radius is large enough, which gives the refractive index.
You will need
- A tall, clear, straight-sided glass or a transparent plastic container
- A circular cork or foam disc about 5 cm across, with a pin pushed through its centre, point down
- Water
- A ruler and a fine pin
- A card with a hole to look through
- A piece of tape to hold the pin steady
Safety: An adult must handle the sharp pins and push them through the disc.
Take it further: Use salt water of a known strength and show that the critical angle becomes smaller because n has increased.
PhysicsMedium
Glass slab pin method: Snell’s law from a sin i against sin r graph
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Light going from air into glass bends toward the normal so that sin i / sin r is a constant, the refractive index. A graph of sin i against sin r for several angles has a slope equal to that index.
You will need
- A rectangular glass or acrylic slab (about 6 cm × 10 cm and 2 cm thick)
- A drawing board and white paper
- Four pins and drawing pins to fix the paper
- A protractor and a sharp pencil
- A ruler
- A calculator or a sine table
Safety: An adult must supervise the sharp pins and help with any tricky cutting.
Take it further: Repeat with a slab of different thickness and show that the lateral shift is greater for the thicker slab at the same angle.
PhysicsChallenging
Glass prism: angle of deviation against angle of incidence curve
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A ray bent by a prism is deviated by an angle D that first falls and then rises as the angle of incidence increases, with a minimum in the middle. The refractive index follows from the minimum deviation and the prism angle.
You will need
- An equilateral glass prism (from a science shop)
- A drawing board, white paper and drawing pins
- Four pins
- A protractor and a sharp pencil
- A ruler
- Graph paper
Safety: An adult must handle the pins and the glass prism, whose edges can be sharp.
Take it further: Place coloured filters or red and blue paper over the incident ray and measure the minimum deviation for each.
PhysicsMedium
Two-lens compound microscope model with measured magnification
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A short focal length objective makes a magnified real image, and a second lens, the eyepiece, magnifies that image again. The total magnification is the product of the two.
You will need
- A convex lens of about 4 cm focal length as the objective (a strong magnifier or a lens from a broken projector)
- A convex lens of about 5 cm focal length as the eyepiece
- Two cardboard tubes that slide inside each other (rolled paper or kitchen roll tubes)
- A small LED torch and a cardboard stage to hold the slide
- A millimetre ruler or graph paper as the specimen
- Tape and black paper to line the tube
Safety: An adult must make any cuts in the card. Do not use a mirror to point sunlight at the slide or your eye.
Take it further: Change the tube length and plot magnification against tube length to show that a longer tube gives a larger M.
PhysicsMedium
Two-lens astronomical telescope: magnifying power equals f0 divided by fe
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A long focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece make a refracting telescope. In normal adjustment its angular magnification is f0 / fe.
You will need
- A spectacle lens of +2 dioptre (focal length 50 cm) as the objective
- A strong magnifier or a lens of about 5 cm focal length as the eyepiece
- Two cardboard or PVC tubes that slide into one another, about 50 cm total length
- Black paper, tape and clay
- A brick wall or a building with bricks at a distance for testing
- A ruler
Safety: Never look at the Sun through the telescope, even for a moment; it can blind. An adult must supervise any cutting.
Take it further: Add a third lens of suitable focal length as an erecting lens to make a terrestrial telescope and test it on a distant tree.
PhysicsChallenging
Two polarising filters: Malus’s law with a phone light sensor
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Light passing through a second polarising filter is cut down by cos² of the angle between the two filters’ axes. Measuring the light level against the angle verifies Malus’s law.
You will need
- Two polarising sheets (from 3D cinema glasses, polarising sunglasses or an old broken LCD screen)
- A smartphone with a lux meter app, or an LDR with a multimeter
- A steady white LED lamp or a torch fixed in position
- A circular card with angles marked every 15 degrees
- A cardboard tube to block stray light
- Clay or tape for holders
Safety: An adult must take apart any old screen and remove the polarising film; handle broken glass with care.
Take it further: Look through one filter at the sky at different angles from the Sun and note where the polarisation is strongest, at 90 degrees from the Sun.
PhysicsChallenging
Measuring the track spacing of a CD with a laser pointer
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A CD’s closely spaced tracks act as a reflection diffraction grating. A laser pointer makes spots on a wall whose angles give the spacing of the tracks, about 1.6 micrometres, from d sin θ = n λ.
You will need
- A red laser pointer with a printed wavelength of 650 nm (class 2, under 1 mW)
- An old CD or DVD
- A white wall or card screen
- A ruler or tape measure
- Clay or a clamp to hold the CD and the pointer steady
- Paper with a protractor drawn for angles
Safety: An adult must supervise. Never shine a laser at anyone’s eyes, or at shiny surfaces that can reflect it back; do not look into the beam or its reflection. Use only a class 2 pointer.
Take it further: Shine the laser across a single human hair stretched on a card and use the fringe spacing to estimate the hair’s thickness.
PhysicsMedium
Inverse square law of light with an LED and a phone lux meter
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
The brightness of a small light source falls with the square of the distance. Doubling the distance cuts the light to a quarter.
You will need
- A small bright LED torch or a single LED on a battery, as a point source
- A smartphone with a lux meter app, or an LDR and a multimeter
- A long table or a floor with a metre tape
- A dark room or a night-time corridor
- Black cloth or paper to cut reflections
- Graph paper
Safety: Do not look directly at a bright LED from close range. An adult should supervise if a phone is held on a tape.
Take it further: Compare a white LED and a red LED of equal brightness and find whether the law holds for each.
PhysicsMedium
Newton’s law of cooling: temperature curve and ln graph of hot water
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A hot body cools at a rate proportional to its excess temperature over the surroundings. A graph of the natural log of the excess temperature against time is a straight line.
You will need
- A steel or glass cup with 150 mL of hot water (about 80 degrees C)
- A thermometer reading up to 100 degrees C
- A stopwatch or a phone timer
- Cloth, foil and paper to try different coverings
- A second thermometer for room temperature
- Graph paper and a calculator
Safety: An adult must heat the water and pour it; hot water causes scalds. Keep the cup on a firm tray.
Take it further: Compare a black-painted tin and a shiny tin of the same size cooling side by side, to test the effect of surface radiation.
PhysicsMedium
Specific heat of metal pieces by the method of mixtures
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Different metals need different amounts of heat to warm by one degree. Dropping hot metal into cool water and measuring the final temperature gives the metal’s specific heat.
You will need
- Equal masses (about 50 g) of iron nuts, aluminium pieces and copper wire coils
- A kitchen scale
- A steel pot of boiling water (an adult heats it)
- A foam or plastic cup as the calorimeter, with 100 mL of water
- A thermometer to 0.5 degrees
- A thread to lower the metal into the water
- A cloth and a notebook
Safety: An adult must heat the water and move the hot metal with tongs or thread; boiling water and hot metal can burn badly.
Take it further: Plot the final temperature against the mass of metal used to show that the rise is proportional to the heat available.
PhysicsMedium
Butter dabs on metal rods: which metal conducts heat best
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
When one end of equal rods is heated, the heat travels along each at a different speed. Dabs of butter melt in order along the rod, showing which metal is the better conductor.
You will need
- Rods or strips of copper, aluminium, brass and iron of the same size (about 20 cm long, from a hardware shop)
- Small dabs of butter or wax at 3 cm spacing along each rod
- A wide steel tray with hot water at about 90 degrees C (an adult heats it)
- A wooden stand or a stack of books to hold the rods level
- A stopwatch
- A ruler and a notebook
Safety: An adult must heat and handle the water and use tongs, never fingers, to move the rods; do not use an open flame.
Take it further: Add a glass rod and a wooden skewer of the same size and see how little their butter dabs melt.
PhysicsMedium
Latent heat of fusion of ice by mixing with warm water
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Melting ice absorbs a lot of heat without changing temperature. Mixing dry ice at 0 degrees C into warm water and measuring the final temperature gives the latent heat of fusion, about 334 joules per gram.
You will need
- A foam cup or a steel cup wrapped in cloth as a calorimeter
- Ice cubes made from water, kept in a bowl of ice water
- Warm tap water at about 40 degrees C
- A thermometer reading to 0.5 degrees C
- A kitchen scale
- A paper towel to dry the ice
- A spoon and a calculator
Safety: An adult should supervise the hot tap water. Handle the glass thermometer carefully.
Take it further: Repeat with crushed ice and with salt added and measure the lower temperature reached.
PhysicsChallenging
Linear expansion of a metal rod magnified by a rolling-needle pointer
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A metal rod lengthens by only a fraction of a millimetre when heated. A pointer fixed on a rolling needle magnifies the tiny change so that the coefficient of linear expansion can be measured.
You will need
- A 50 cm aluminium or copper rod (a curtain rod or a pipe)
- A long tray or a length of PVC gutter to hold hot water
- Hot water from a kettle at about 90 degrees C (an adult pours it)
- A sewing needle and a long straw as the pointer
- Clay to hold one end of the rod fixed
- Two thermometers
- A ruler and a paper scale behind the pointer
Safety: An adult must heat and pour the water; hot water and metal can scald. Do not touch the rod during the test.
Take it further: Build a bimetallic strip from aluminium foil taped to thin steel and watch it curl when warmed by hot water.
PhysicsChallenging
Resonance tube: speed of sound using a phone tone generator
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
An air column closed at one end resonates when its length is a quarter or three quarters of the wavelength. Two resonance lengths give the speed of sound without needing to know the end correction.
You will need
- A tall glass or plastic tube about 60 cm long and 3 to 4 cm wide (a clear PVC pipe or a long measuring cylinder)
- A large bucket or tall jar of water that the tube can dip into
- A phone with a tone generator app set to 512 Hz or a tuning fork
- A metre rule and a clamp or stand
- A pencil and a notebook
Safety: Keep the volume modest to protect hearing. An adult should help if glass is used.
Take it further: Repeat on a cold morning and a hot afternoon to see the speed of sound changing with temperature.
PhysicsEasy
Echo clapping rhythm: speed of sound from a distant wall
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Sound takes time to reach a wall and return. If you clap so that each clap meets the echo of the last, the time between claps is the echo time, so speed = 2 × distance ÷ time.
You will need
- A tall flat wall or building at least 50 m away across an empty ground
- A measuring tape or a long rope marked in metres (or a trundle wheel)
- A phone stopwatch
- Two flat wooden blocks or a pair of cymbals to clap
- A helper
- A notebook
Safety: Choose a quiet open ground away from traffic. An adult must supervise.
Take it further: Use a phone voice recorder and a free sound editor to measure the delay between a clap and its echo directly.
PhysicsChallenging
Sonometer string: frequency against length and tension
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
The pitch of a stretched string rises when it is shortened or tightened. The frequency is inversely proportional to the length and proportional to the square root of the tension.
You will need
- A wooden plank about 1 m long as the sound board
- A steel guitar string or a thin steel wire
- Two wooden bridges, a nail to fix one end and a tuning peg or screw
- A pulley (a spool on a nail) and a bag for slotted weights
- Weights such as water bottles or sand bags (0.5 to 3 kg)
- A phone with a free tuner or spectrum app
- A ruler
Safety: An adult must help fix the wire and keep clear of its ends, as the string can snap under tension.
Take it further: Pluck the string at one quarter of its length and use the app to see the higher harmonics appear in the spectrum.
PhysicsMedium
Blowing across a bottle: Helmholtz resonance frequency against air volume
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
Air in a bottle with a narrow neck resonates at a frequency that falls as the bottle’s air volume gets bigger. Adding water makes the note rise.
You will need
- A glass or plastic bottle with a neck about 2 cm wide
- A measuring jug and water
- A phone with a tuner or spectrum analyser app
- A ruler to measure the neck and the bottle
- A set of 4 to 5 similar bottles of different size (optional)
- Graph paper
Safety: An adult should supervise if glass bottles are used.
Take it further: Blow across bottles with different neck lengths cut from plastic and show the effect of L on the frequency.
PhysicsChallenging
Chladni patterns: salt figures on a speaker-driven metal plate
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
A vibrating plate has nodal lines where it stays still, and sprinkled salt collects on them to draw beautiful patterns. Each pattern belongs to one natural frequency of the plate, and higher frequencies give more complex figures.
You will need
- A thin square steel or aluminium sheet about 15 cm wide (a flat biscuit tin lid works)
- A small loudspeaker of 8 ohm from an old radio
- A bolt, nut and strong glue to fix the plate at its centre above the speaker cone
- A phone with a tone generator app and a small amplifier or a speaker lead from an old phone
- Table salt or fine sand
- A tray to catch spilt salt
- A soft ruler or card for tapping
Safety: An adult must cut the metal sheet and file the edges smooth, and must supervise the wiring of the speaker; keep volume moderate.
Take it further: Use a round plate and compare its patterns with the square one.
PhysicsMedium
Newton’s second law: trolley pulled by a falling weight
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
The acceleration of a trolley is proportional to the force on it and inversely proportional to its mass. A falling weight pulls the trolley, and distance-time measurements give the acceleration.
You will need
- A toy car or a small wooden trolley on a smooth table
- A thin string about 1.5 m long and a pulley made from a spool on a nail at the table edge
- A weight hanger and ten identical 20 g masses (coins in a bag, or washers)
- A phone stopwatch, or a phone video in slow motion
- A metre rule and masking tape
- Plain paper and graph paper
Safety: Catch the trolley before it hits the pulley; keep the weights away from toes, and do not use heavy weights.
Take it further: Use a phone slow-motion video and a ruler on the table to get the speed at several points and plot v against t.
PhysicsChallenging
Two toy car collisions: checking momentum with slow-motion video
Show detailsHide detailsWhat it shows
In a collision the total momentum of two cars is the same before and after, even though some kinetic energy is lost. Slow-motion video gives the speeds.
You will need
- Two toy cars of known mass (weigh them on a kitchen scale)
- A smooth table or a long plank with a marked 1 cm grid
- Blu-tack or Velcro to make them stick, and a spring or rubber band for a bounce
- A phone camera with slow motion (120 or 240 frames per second)
- A metre rule laid on the table in the picture
- A notebook and a calculator
Safety: Keep the cars away from the table edge and from the floor beneath it. An adult must supervise small parts.
Take it further: Start with both cars at rest, joined by a compressed spring, release them and show that the two momenta are equal and opposite.
Before you start
How to choose a good project
Six things to think about before you decide. A project you understand and finish well beats a big one you rush.
Start with a question
Good projects answer a question you are curious about: why does iron rust, which fabric keeps tea hottest, how does a robot follow a line? A question gives your project a purpose.
Check what is asked
Find out whether your teacher wants a working model, a still model or an investigatory project, the size limits, the topic or theme, the date, and whether ready-made models are allowed.
Match your time and class
Each idea here shows a class band, a difficulty and a rough time. Choose something you can finish properly with time to test it, rather than something huge you have to rush.
Pick science you can explain
Judges and examiners ask how it works. Choose an idea whose science you understand, or can learn from your textbook and the free ebooks, and practise explaining it.
List materials and costs
Write down everything you need before you start. Many models use things from home; motors, LEDs, sensors and boards are easy to buy as spare parts or in a kit.
Make it your own
Change one thing and measure what happens, add a chart of your readings, or show a real-life use. Even a well-known model becomes yours when you add your own observations.
Plan your time
A four-week project timeline
Work backwards from the date of your exhibition or submission. Short of time? Do the same steps faster, but never skip testing.
- 4 weeks before
Choose and get it approved
- Shortlist two or three ideas
- Write your aim or question in one sentence
- Show your teacher and agree the idea
- 3 weeks before
Read and collect materials
- Read the science in your textbook and a free ebook
- Sketch the design with measurements
- Collect or buy the materials and spare parts
- 2 weeks before
Build and test
- Build one part at a time and test each part
- For an investigation, repeat each reading at least three times
- Write every observation in a notebook with the date
- 1 week before
Write the report and chart
- Aim, materials, method, observations, result and conclusion
- A neat table or graph of your readings
- A chart or poster with a labelled diagram
- Last 2 days
Rehearse
- Practise a one-minute explanation out loud
- Prepare answers to the questions below
- Pack spares: cells, wires, tape and glue
On the day
Present it with confidence
You will usually have a minute or two to explain your project, then questions. Practise both out loud at home.
A one-minute explanation
- 1Name and question“My project is a … It answers the question …”
- 2What it showsOne sentence of science, in your own words.
- 3How it worksPoint to each part as you explain it.
- 4What you foundYour readings or result, and what they mean.
- 5Real lifeWhere the same science is used every day.
Questions judges often ask
- What does your project show, in one sentence?
- How does it work? Which law or idea of science is behind it?
- What did you change, and what did you measure?
- What went wrong while you were making it, and how did you fix it?
- Where is this idea used in real life?
- What would you improve if you made it again?
What your project file needs
- Title page with your name, class and school
- Aim or question
- Introduction: the science behind it
- Materials list
- Method, step by step, with a diagram
- Observations in a table
- Result and conclusion
- Precautions and safety
- Sources: books and websites you used
Projects and kits
Ready-made projects, kits and spare parts
Need a working model, a kit to build yourself, or a motor, LED, battery or sensor to finish your own? Every idea card links to the matching section of the store.
School Projects, Class 1 to 9
Ready-made working models for class 1 to 9: science, maths, physics, chemistry and biology.Browse
School Projects, Class 10 to 12
Working models and investigatory projects for class 10, 11 and 12.Browse
Best Out of Waste
Models made from bottles, cardboard and old parts, for waste-management themes.Browse
Robotics and Coding
Robot kits, Arduino projects, line followers, obstacle avoiders and smart projects.Browse
DIY Kits
Kits with every part and step-by-step instructions, to build the model yourself.Browse
Components and Spares
Motors, LEDs, batteries, switches, wires, sensors and breadboards to build or repair.Browse
Engineering Projects
Minor and major projects for diploma and BTech students.Browse
Cannot find what you need? Ask the head office on WhatsApp.
Free ebooks
Free books for making projects
Step-by-step project books for every class, plus guides to exhibitions, project files and viva questions. Free to download, read and print.
Science projects
Writing a Science Project File
How to write the report, from the cover page to the bibliography
Science projects
Viva Questions for Science Projects
How to answer examiner questions, with sample questions for popular projects
Science projects
Easy Science Projects for Class 1 to 5
Simple, safe projects young children can make with a little help
Science projects
Science Projects for Class 6 to 8
Working models matched to middle-school science topics
Science projects
Investigatory Projects for Class 11 and 12
Topics, method and report structure for physics, chemistry and biology
Stay safe
Safety rules for every project
Read these with a parent before you start. Ideas that need extra care carry their own safety note on the card.
Never use mains electricity
Power your models with cells, batteries or a low-voltage adapter. Never connect anything home-made to a wall socket.
Adult help for sharp and hot tools
Cutters, blades, glue guns, soldering irons and drills need an adult beside you. Cut away from your body on a board.
Chemicals with care
Use only safe household materials at home. Acids, stains and other lab chemicals are for the school lab with your teacher. Wear goggles and never taste anything.
Flames only with an adult
Candles and burners only with an adult present and water nearby. Tie back long hair and keep paper away.
Look after batteries
Do not short-circuit a battery, mix old and new cells, or puncture or heat a lithium battery. Remove batteries when the model is stored.
Small parts away from little ones
Magnets, button cells and small parts can be swallowed. Keep them away from younger brothers and sisters, and wash your hands after making.
Questions about science projects
Still have a question?
Chat on WhatsAppWhat is the difference between a working model, a still model and an investigatory project?
A working model moves or works to show a principle, such as a windmill that lights an LED. A still model shows how something is built or arranged, such as the layers of the Earth. An investigatory project asks a question and answers it by experiment: you change one thing, measure the result and draw a conclusion from your readings.
Can I buy a ready-made project?
Check your school’s rules first: some competitions want models made by the student, and some allow ready-made ones. Either way, you must understand how it works and be able to explain it. A good approach is to build from a kit, or to add your own measurements and chart to a ready-made model.
How long does a school project take?
Each idea here shows a rough time for the making. Leave extra time for reading, testing, the report and practice: three to four weeks from choosing to presenting is comfortable for most school projects.
What should go in my project report or file?
A title page, your aim, the science behind it, the materials, the method with a diagram, your observations in a table, the result and conclusion, precautions, and the books and websites you used. The free ebook “Writing a Science Project File” explains each part.
What if my model stops working on the day?
Carry spare cells, wires and tape, and test everything when you arrive. Take a short video or photos of it working at home. If something still fails, explain calmly what should happen and what you would check: judges value understanding as much as a perfect model.
More help
Stuck on a project?
Read the student help pages, try the free calculators for circuits and units, or ask the head office on WhatsApp.